The following components are necessary for organization of production and services for any enterprise: basic assets, circulating assets, a labour.

Basic assets are instruments of labour which repeatedly participate in production, saving thus the natural form, by wearing out, transferring the cost in parts on created production.

Basic assets include funds with service life more than one year and cost of more than 100 minimum month salaries.

Basic assets are subdivided on productive and non-productive assets. Productive assets being used during manufacturing production or rendering of services. They include: machine tools, machines, devices, etc.

Non-productive basic assets do not participate during creation of production. They include: residential buildings, kindergartens, clubs, stadiums, hospitals, etc. In spite of the fact that a non-productive basic assets capital do not directly influence on volume of production or growth of a labor efficiency, constant increase in these funds is connected to improvement of well-being of workers of the enterprise, increase of a material and cultural level of their life, that, in the end, affects result of activity of the enterprise.

For the accounting of a basic assets, their structure classification is necessary. There are following groups of the basic production assets:

1. Buildings (shops storage rooms, industrial laboratories, etc.);
2. Structures (the construction objects conditioning for realization of process of production: highways, tunnels);
3. Transmissive systems (electric systems, heating systems, gas networks);
4. Machines and equipment, including:
• Power machines and the equipment (generators, electric motors, steam machines, turbines, etc.).
• Working machines and the equipment (metal-cutting machine tools, press, the electric furnace, etc.).
• Measuring both regulating devices and systems, the labware.
• Computer facilities.
• Automatic machines, the equipment and lines (machine tools - automatic devices, automatic product lines).
• Other machines and the equipment.
5. Transportation (cars, automobiles, penalties, carriages).
6. Tools (cutting, pressing, adaptations for fastening, installation), except special tools.
7. Industrial stock and accessories (container, racks, working tables, etc.).
8. Household items.
9. Other basic assets (library funds, museum values, etc).

It is necessary to distinguish the circulating assets from a basic assets. Circulating assets include such subjects of work, as raw material, the basic and auxiliary materials, fuel, containers and so on. Circulating assets are consumed in one production cycle, are included into a product and completely transfer their cost into it.

Each enterprise has the basic and circulating assets. Set of basic assets and circulating assets of enterprise forms their production assets.

Basic assets are taken into account in natural and in pecuniary valuation. The accounting of basic assets in natural expression is usually used for calculating technical structure and balance of the equipment; for calculating capacity of the enterprise and its industrial divisions; for definition of rate of wear, usage and terms of it's renewal.

Initial documents for accounting basic assets in natural expression are equipment passports, jobs passports, enterprise passports. Passports include the detailed characteristics of all basic assets: year of commissioning, capacity, rate of wear, etc.

The enterprise passport contains enterprise data (industrial structure, the material characteristic, technological parameters, structure of the equipment, etc.), which is necessary for accounting of productive capacity.

Pecuniary valuation of a basic assets is necessary for determination of their general size, structure, dynamics, value of depreciation charges, and also an estimation of an economic efficiency of their use.

There are following kinds of a pecuniary valuation of basic assets:

1. An estimation on an acquisition cost, i.e. on the actual expenditures made at the moment of creation or purchase (including delivery and installation), in the prices of that year in which they are made or bought.

By an acquisition cost a basic assets are taken into account on a balance sheet.

Amortisation calculations are based on basic assets acquisition cost.

It is necessary to notice, that identical basic assets (machine tools, devices, machines, etc.), made in different years, are evaluated variously as the prices for them may periodically vary. Hence, it is impossible to receive true submission about dynamics of a basic assets cost for a long period of time. That's why periodic revaluation of basic assets on regenerative cost is required.

2. An estimation on regenerative cost, i.e. on cost of reproduction of a basic assets at the moment of revaluation. This estimation shows how much a creation or a purchase of basic assets would cost if it was created or bought now. An estimation on regenerative cost brings uniformity to an estimation of funds, determines their value more precisely, enables to evaluate dynamics and structure of basic assets. Such revaluation of a basic assets is rather toilful and requires high qualification of workers, therefore it is carried out rather rearly. Revaluation of a basic assets was conducted in Russia in 1925, 1960,1972 and 1992, and the last revaluation was made in January, 1 1995.

Basic assets graudally wear out and lose their initial or regenerative cost while in service, that's why they should be accounted by their depreciated cost.

3. An estimation on initial or regenerative cost considering deterioration (depreciated cost), i.e. on the cost which is not transferred on finished products yet. This estimation gives real submission about the value of basic assets, allows to determine the value of loss at premature writing off of basic assets on their replacement or reconstruction.